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_______________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxims website at www.maxim-ic.com. low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 19-4981; rev 2; 3/11 general description the max97200 is a 45mw class h headphone amplifier that runs from a single low 1.8v supply voltage and employs maxims second-generation directdrive ? technology. the max97200 features a dual mode k internal charge pump to generate the power rails for the amplifier. the charge-pump output can be q pvin/2 or q pvin depend - ing on the amplitude of the output signal. when the out - put voltage is low, the power-supply voltage is q pvin/2. when the output signal demands larger output voltage, the charge pump switches modes so that a greater power-supply voltage is realized and more output power can be delivered to the load. second-generation directdrive technology improves power consumption when compared to first-generation directdrive amplifiers. the max97200 can be powered from a regulated 1.8v and have similar power consump - tion to a traditional directdrive amplifier that is powered from 0.9v. maxims directdrive architecture uses an inverting charge pump to derive a negative voltage supply. the headphone amplifier is powered between the positive supply and the generated negative rail. this scheme allows the audio output signal to be biased about ground, eliminating the need for large dc-blocking capacitors between the amplifier output and the head - phone load. low-output offset voltage provides very good click-and- pop performance both into and out of shutdown. high signal-to-noise ratio maintains system fidelity. the max97200 is available in a tiny, 12-bump wafer level packaging (wlp 1.27mm x 1.65mm) with a small, 0.4mm lead pitch and specified over the -40 n c to +85 n c extended temperature range. applications cellular phones smartphones mp3 players voip phones directdrive is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. dual mode is a trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. features s second-generation directdrive technology s dynamic, class h, dual mode charge pump s low voltage operation, v pvin = 1.8v s low quiescent current, 1.15ma (typ) at v pvin = 1.8v s eliminates large output dc-blocking capacitors s industry-leading click-and-pop performance s high-fidelity, snr 105db (5.6v output noise) s output power 34mw into 32 i (thd+n 1%) s output power 45mw into 16 i (thd+n 10%) s tiny, 12-bump, 1.27mm x 1.65mm (0.4mm lead pitch) wlp package ordering information/ selector guide note: all devices operate over the -40c to +85c tempera - ture range. + denotes a lead(pb)-free and rohs-compliant package. typical operating circuit evaluation kit available part gain (db) pin- package top mark max97200aewc+ 3 12 wlp abf max97200bewc+ 0 12 wlp abg left audio input left audio output shdn right audio input right audio output charge pump applications processor max97200
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 2 ______________________________________________________________________________________ stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only, and functional opera - tion of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. pvin or pvdd to pgnd ....................................... -0.3v to +2.2v gnd to pgnd ...................................................... -0.3v to +0.3v pvss to pgnd ..................................................... -2.2v to +0.3v out_ and in_ to gnd ............. (pvss - 0.2v) to (pvdd + 0.2v) c1p, c1n ................................................... cap connection only shdn to gnd ......................................................... -0.3v to +4v output short-circuit current ..................................... continuous thermal limits (note 1) multiple layer pcb continuous power dissipation (t a = +70 n c) 12-bump wlp (derate 13.7mw/ n c above +70 n c) .... 1095mw junction temperature ................................................. +150 n c operating temperature range .......................... -40 n c to +85 n c storage temperature range ............................ -65 n c to +150 n c soldering temperature (reflow) ...................................... +260 n c electrical characteristics (v pvin = 1.8v, v pgnd = v gnd = 0v, v shdn = 1.8v, c1 = c2 = c3 = 1 f f, c4 = 10 f f, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c.) (note 2) absolute maximum ratings note 1: package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in jedec specification jesd51-7, using a four- layer board. for detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial . junction-to-ambient thermal resistance ( b ja ) .............. 73 n c/w junction-to-case thermal resistance ( b ca ) .................. 30 n c/w package thermal characteristics (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units power supply supply voltage range pvin guaranteed by psrr 1.62 1.80 1.98 v uvlo rising 1.48 1.58 v uvlo falling 1.36 1.46 v quiescent supply current i dd inputs grounded, t a = +25 n c, no load 1.15 1.7 ma 16 i load, inputs grounded, t a = +25 n c 1.16 shutdown current i shdn v shdn = 0v, t a = +25 n c 0.2 f a turn-on time t on 0.6 1 ms charge pump oscillator frequency f osc1 v out = 0v, t a = +25 n c 78 83 88 khz oscillator frequency f osc2 v out = 0.2v, r l = j , f in = 1khz 665 khz oscillator frequency f osc3 v out = 0.5v, r l = j , f in = 1khz 500 khz positive output voltage v pvdd v out = 0.2v, r l = j pvin/2 v v out = 0.5v, r l = j pvin negative output voltage v pvss v out = 0.2v, r l = j -pvin/2 v v out = 0.5v, r l = j -pvin output voltage threshold v th1 r l = j , output voltage at which the charge pump switches modes, v out rising, transition from 1/8 to normal frequency q pvin x 0.08 v
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 electrical characteristics (continued) (v pvin = 1.8v, v pgnd = v gnd = 0v, v shdn = 1.8v, c1 = c2 = c3 = 1 f f, c4 = 10 f f, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c) (note 2) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units output voltage threshold v th2 r l = j , output voltage at which the charge pump switches modes, v out rising, transition from high-efficiency mode to high-power mode q pvin x 0.24 v charge-pump mode transition timeouts (figure 2) t hold time it takes for the charge pump to transition from high-power mode to high-efficiency mode; r l = j 32 ms t rise time it takes for the charge pump to transition from high-efficiency mode to high- power mode (90% of its value); r l = j 20 f s amplifier voltage gain a v max97200a 2.75 2.92 3.09 db max97200b -0.17 0 +0.17 maximum output voltage r l = 10k i , thd+n = 1% 1.295 v pk r l = 10k i , thd+n = 10% 1.44 channel-to-channel gain matching q 0.1 db total output offset voltage v os t a = +25 n c q 0.1 q 0.3 mv input resistance r in max97200a 6 10 14 k i max97200b 7.2 12 16.8 power-supply rejection ratio psrr v pvdd = 1.62v to 1.98v, t a = +25 n c 62 83 db 100mv p-p ripple f in = 217hz 96 f in = 1khz 94 f in = 20khz 61 output power p out thd+n = 1% r l = 10k i 0.16 mw r l = 32 i 34 r l = 16 i 45 line output voltage v line r l = 10k i 1 v rms total harmonic distortion plus noise thd+n r l = 16 i , p out = 0.1mw, f in = 1khz (note 3) 0.02 % r l = 16 i , p out = 10mw, f in = 1khz (note 4) 0.003 r l = 10k i , v out = 1v, f in = 1khz (note 4) 0.008 output noise v n inputs grounded, a-weighted, max97200b 5.6 f v signal-to-noise ratio snr a-weighted, max97200b 105 db click-and-pop level v cp r l = 32 i , peak voltage, a-weighted, 32 samples/second, max97200b into shutdown 80 dbv out of shutdown 68 crosstalk x talk r l = 16 i , 1khz, p out = 5mw 94 db maximum capacitive load 200 pf
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 4 ______________________________________________________________________________________ electrical characteristics (continued) (v pvin = 1.8v, v pgnd = v gnd = 0v, v shdn = 1.8v, c1 = c2 = c3 = 1 f f, c4 = 10 f f, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c) (note 2) note 2: all specifications are 100% tested at t a = +25 n c. temperature limits are guaranteed by design. note 3: v pvdd = 0.9v, v pvss = -0.9v. note 4: v pvdd = 1.8v, v pvss = -1.8v. typical operating characteristics (v pvin = 1.8v, v pgnd = v gnd = 0v, v shdn = 1.8v, c1 = c2 = c3 = 1 f f, c4 = 10 f f, both channels driven in phase, t a = +25 n c, unless otherwise noted.) thd+n vs. output voltage max97200 toc03 v out (v rms ) thd+n (%) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 2.5 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 f in = 100hz f in = 1khz r l = 10ki f in = 6khz thd+n vs. frequency max97200 toc04 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 100 p out = 20mw p out = 2mw r l = 16i p out = 25mw thd+n vs. frequency max97200 toc05 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 100 p out = 20mw p out = 2mw r l = 32i p out = 25mw thd+n vs. frequency max97200 toc06 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 0.01 100 v out = 0.316v rms v out = 0.868v rms v out = 1.12v rms r l = 10ki thd+n vs. output power max97200 toc02 p out (mw) thd+n (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0 60 f in = 100hz f in = 6khz f in = 1khz r l = 32i thd+n vs. output power max97200 toc01 p out (mw) thd+n (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0 80 r l = 16i f in = 100hz f in = 6khz f in = 1khz parameter symbol conditions min typ max units digital input ( shdn ) input high voltage v ih 1.4 v input low voltage v il 0.4 v input leakage current i ih v shdn = 4v, t a = +25 n c -1 +1 f a v shdn = 1.8v, t a = +25 n c -1 +1 i il v shdn = 0v, t a = +25 n c -1 +1
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 typical operating characteristics (continued) (v pvin = 1.8v, v pgnd = v gnd = 0v, v shdn = 1.8v, c1 = c2 = c3 = 1 f f, c4 = 10 f f, both channels driven in phase, t a = +25 n c, unless otherwise noted.) output power vs. load resistance max97200 toc07 load resistance (i) output power (mw) 1000 100 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 1 10,000 10% thd + n 1% thd + n output power vs. load resistance and charge-pump capacitor max97200 toc08 load resistance (i) output power (mw) 1000 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 10 10,000 c 1 = c 2 = c 3 = 2.2f c 1 = c 2 = c 3 = .47f c 1 = c 2 = c 3 = 1f supply current vs. supply voltage max97200 toc11 supply voltage (v) supply current (ma) 1.95 1.90 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 rl = j 0.80 1.60 2.00 shutdown supply current vs. supply voltage max97200 toc12 supply voltage (v) supply current (a) 1.95 1.90 1.80 1.85 1.70 1.75 1.65 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0 1.60 2.00 rl = j power-supply rejection ratio vs. frequency max97200 toc13 frequency (khz) psrr (db) 10 1 0.1 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -120 0.01 100 v ripple = 200mv p-p max97200 toc14 20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k 20k crosstalk vs. frequency 5mw 16i crosstalk (db) -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -120 -100 -110 -90 frequency (hz) output power = 5mw r l = 16 i power consumption vs. output power max97200 toc09 output power (mw) power consumpton (mw) 10 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 1 100 power dissipation vs. output power max97200 toc10 output power (mw) power dissipation (mw) 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 1 100 r l = 32 i r l = 16 i in-band output spectrum max97200 toc15 frequency (hz) output magnitude (dbv) 10 1 0.1 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -160 0.01 100 f = 1khz
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 6 ______________________________________________________________________________________ typical operating characteristics (continued) (v pvin = 1.8v, v pgnd = v gnd = 0v, v shdn = 1.8v, c1 = c2 = c3 = 1 f f, c4 = 10 f f, both channels driven in phase, t a = +25 n c, unless otherwise noted.) max97200 toc17 output 400s/div shdn turn-on response max97200 toc16 20ms/div supply mode switching pvdd pvss r l = 16i max97200 toc18 output 400s/div shdn turn-off response
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 pin configuration pin description bump name function a1 outr right amplifier output a2 pvss negative charge-pump output. connect a 1 f f capacitor between pvss and pgnd. a3 c1n charge-pump flying cap negative connection. connect 1 f f capacitor between c1n and c1p. a4 c1p charge-pump flying cap positive connection. connect 1 f f capacitor between c1p and c1n. b1 outl left amplifier output b2 shdn active-low shutdown b3 gnd signal ground. connect to pgnd. b4 pgnd power ground. connect to gnd. c1 inl left audio input c2 inr right audio input c3 pvdd positive charge-pump output. bypass to pgnd with 1 f f. c4 pvin main power-supply connection. bypass to pgnd with 10 f f. wlp top view pvin inl pgnd outl c1p outr max97200 1 2 3 4 a inr pvdd shdn gnd pvss c1n b c
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 8 ______________________________________________________________________________________ detailed description the max97200 is a 45mw class h headphone ampli - fier that runs from a single low 1.8v supply voltage and employs maxims second-generation directdrive technology. maxims directdrive architecture uses an inverting charge pump to derive a negative voltage supply. the headphone amplifier is powered between the positive supply and the generated negative rail. this scheme allows the audio output signal to be biased about ground, eliminating the need for large dc blocking capacitors between the amplifier output and the head - phone load. second-generation directdrive technology improves power consumption when compared to first-generation directdrive amplifiers. the max97200 can be powered from a regulated 1.8v supply and have similar power consumption to a traditional directdrive amplifier that is powered from 0.9v. the max97200 features a dual-mode internal charge pump to generate the power rails for the directdrive amplifier. the charge-pump output can be q pvin/2 or q pvin depending on the amplitude of the output signal. when the output voltage is low the power-supply volt - age is q pvin/2. when the output signal demands larger output voltage, the charge pump switches modes so that a greater power-supply voltage is realized and more output power can be delivered to the load. directdrive headphone amplifier traditional single-supply headphone amplifiers have outputs biased at a nominal dc voltage (typically half the supply). large coupling capacitors are needed to block this dc bias from the headphone. without these capacitors, a significant amount of dc current flows to the headphone, resulting in unnecessary power dis - sipation and possible damage to both headphone and headphone amplifier. maxims second-generation directdrive architecture uses a charge pump to create an internal negative sup - ply voltage. this allows the headphone outputs of the max97200 to be biased at gnd while operating from a single supply (figure 1). without a dc component, there is no need for the large dc-blocking capacitors. instead of two large (220 f f typ) capacitors, the max97200 charge pump requires 3 small ceramic capacitors, con - serving board space, reducing cost, and improving the frequency response of the headphone amplifier. figure 1. traditional amplifier vs. max97200 directdrive output v out v out v dd / 2 gnd v dd +v dd gnd -v dd conventional driver biasing scheme directdrive biasing scheme v dd 2v dd
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 dual mode charge pump the max97200s dual mode, charge pump outputs either q pvin/2 in high-efficiency mode or q pvin in high- power mode, resulting in a power-supply differential of 1.8v or 3.6v. the charge-pump mode changes based on the level of the output signal needed. when the output voltage is small, the voltage rails are reduced to minimize power consumption. when the output voltage is large, the voltage rails are increased to accommodate the larger output need. high-power mode is similar to maxims traditional directdrive architecture and is best suited for loads that require high voltage swing. high-efficiency mode improves power consumption by reducing the power- supply voltage across the amplifiers output stage by half. the reduced power-supply voltage is good for idle conditions or low-signal level conditions into a head - phone. class h operation the max97200s internal class h amplifier uses a class ab output stage with multiple, discrete power supplies. this results in two power-supply differentials of 1.8v and 3.6v generated from a single 1.8v external supply. the pvin/2 power-supply differential is used when the output voltage requirements are low, and the output is below v th2 as seen in figure 2. the higher supply differential is used when the output voltage exceeds the high threshold v th2 , maximizing output power and voltage swing. the transition time from high-efficiency mode to high-power mode occurs when the threshold is crossed. the switch from high-power mode to high-efficiency mode occurs 32ms (typ) after the threshold is crossed. built-in hysteresis keeps the charge pump from erratic mode switching when the output voltage is near the high and low thresholds. click-and-pop suppression in conventional single-supply audio amplifiers, the out - put-coupling capacitor contributes significantly to audi - ble clicks and pops. upon startup, the amplifier charges the coupling capacitor to its bias voltage, typically half the supply. likewise, on shutdown, the capacitor is dis - charged. this results in a dc shift across the capacitor, which appears as an audible transient at the speaker. since the max97200 does not require output coupling capacitors, this problem does not arise. additionally, the max97200 features extensive click-and-pop sup - pression that eliminates any audible transient sources internal to the device. typically, the output of the device driving the max97200 has a dc bias of half the supply voltage. at startup, the input-coupling capacitor, c in , is charged to the pream - plifiers dc bias voltage through the max97200 input resistor, r in . this dc shift across the capacitor results in an audible click-and-pop. the max97200 precharges the input capacitors when power is applied to ensure that no audible clicks or pops are heard when shdn is pulled high. shutdown the max97200 features a 1 f a, low-power shutdown mode that reduces quiescent current consumption and extends battery life. shutdown is controlled by the shdn input. driving the shd n input low disables the drive amplifiers and charge pump and sets the headphone amplifier output resistance to 100 i . applications information component selection input-coupling capacitor the input capacitor (c in ), in conjunction with the ampli - fier input resistance (r in_ ), forms a highpass filter that removes the dc bias from the incoming signal. the ac-coupling capacitor allows the amplifier to bias the sig - nal to an optimum dc level. assuming zero source imped - ance, the -3db point of the highpass filter is given by: 3db in in 1 f- 2 r c = figure 2. inverting and split mode transitions 10ms/div v pvdd v pvss in_
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 10 _____________________________________________________________________________________ r in is the amplifiers input resistance value. choose c in such that f -3db is well below the lowest frequency of interest. setting f -3db too high affects the amplifiers low frequency. capacitors with higher voltage coefficients, such as ceramics, result in increased distortion at low frequencies. charge-pump capacitor selection use capacitors with an esr less than 100m i for opti - mum performance. low esr ceramic capacitors mini - mize the output resistance of the charge pump. for best performance over the extended temperature range, select capacitors with an x7r dielectric. flying capacitor (c1) the value of the flying capacitor (c1) affects the load regulation and output resistance of the charge pump. a c1 value that is too small degrades the devices ability to provide sufficient current drive, which leads to a loss of output voltage. connect a 1 f f capacitor between c1p and c1n. output capacitors (c2, c3) the output capacitor value and esr directly affect the ripple at pvss. increasing the value of c2 and c3 reduc - es output ripple. likewise, decreasing the esr of c2 and c3 reduces both ripple and output resistance. lower capacitance values can be used in systems with low maximum output power levels. connect a 1 f f capaci - tor between pvdd and pgnd. connect a 1 f f capacitor between pvss and pgnd. rf susceptibility improvements to both layout and component selec - tion can decrease the max97200 susceptibility to rf noise and prevent rf signals from being demodulated into audible noise. trace lengths should be kept below ? of the wavelength of the rf frequency of interest. minimizing the trace lengths prevents the traces from functioning as antennas and coupling rf signals into the max97200. the wavelength ( ) in meters is given by: = c/f where c = 3 x 10 8 m/s, and f is the rf frequency of interest. route audio signals to the middle layers of the pcb to allow the ground planes above and below to shield them from rf interference. ideally, the top and bottom layers of the pcb should primarily be ground planes to create effective shielding. additional rf immunity can also be obtained from rely - ing on the self-resonant frequency of capacitors as it exhibits the frequency response similar to a notch filter. depending on the manufacturer, 10pf to 20pf capacitors typically exhibit self resonance at rf frequen - cies. these capacitors when placed at the input pins can effectively shunt the rf noise at the inputs of the max97200. for these capacitors to be effective, provide a low-impedance, low-inductance path from the capaci - tors to the ground plane. do not use microvias to con - nect to the ground plane as these vias do not conduct well at rf frequencies. figure 3 shows headphone rf immunity with a well laid out pcb. layout and grounding proper layout and grounding are essential for optimum performance. use large traces for the power-supply inputs and amplifier outputs to minimize losses due to parasitic trace resistance, as well as route heat away from the device. good grounding improves audio per - formance, minimizes crosstalk between channels, and prevents switching noise from coupling into the audio signal. connect pgnd and gnd together at a single point on the pcb. route pgnd and all traces that carry switching transients away from gnd, and the traces and components in the audio signal path. connect c2 to the pgnd plane. place the charge-pump capacitors (c1, c2) as close as possible to the device. bypass pvdd with a 1 f f capacitor to pgnd. place the bypass capacitors as close as possible to the device. figure 3. headphone rf immunity headphone rf immunity vs. frequency frequency (mhz) output noise (dbv) 2500 2000 1500 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -100 1000 3000 left channel right channel
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 chip information process: bicmos simplified functional diagram c4 10f c2 1f c1 1f r in r fb c1 b1 outl c4 inl pvdd pvin 1.8v r in r fb c2 a1 outr inr b3 b4 c1p a4 c1n c3 a3 c3 1f pvdd pgnd a2 pvss gnd pvss charge pump b2 shdn max97200
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 12 _____________________________________________________________________________________ package information for the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages . note that a +, #, or - in the package code indicates rohs status only. package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of rohs status. package type package code outline no. land pattern no. 12 wlp w121a1+1 21-0449 refer to application note 1891
low-power, low-offset, dual mode, class h directdrive headphone amplifier max97200 maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circuit patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 13 ? 2011 maxim integrated products maxim is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. revision history revision number revision date description pages changed 0 1/10 initial release 1 3/10 removed shutdown current max value 2 2 3/11 corrected crosstalk data in toc 14 5

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